The sewage treatment plant has a large number of treatment process facilities (or structures) and auxiliary production facilities. Production process equipment such as grid trash collectors, pumps, mixers, fans, dosing equipment, sludge thickeners, dewatering machines, mixing and stirring equipment, air diffusion devices, electric valves, etc. The malfunction of these process equipment will affect the operation of the sewage treatment plant or cause the shutdown of the entire plant. How should the sewage treatment equipment be maintained/

1. Operation and maintenance of grid cleaning machine

Grilles should be one for backup and one for use. This emphasizes not only the maintenance of commonly used grille cleaning machines, but also the regular maintenance of backup equipment. Many processing plants have experienced cases of damage to both operating and backup equipment.

① When installing the equipment, attention should be paid to adjusting the gap between fixed and moving parts (such as guide rails and sliders) to ensure smooth up and down movement of the cleaning rake. Adjust the position of each travel switch and collision block, determine the time interval of the time relay, etc., so that the equipment completes the entire cycle action according to the designed program.

② After the adjustment is normal, the no-load test run should be conducted for hours without any faults before water can be injected and put into operation.

③ Lubricating oil and grease should be added to various lubrication parts such as electric motors, reducers, and bearings according to regulations. If using ordinary steel wire rope, lubricating grease should be applied regularly. This operation can extend the service life of the equipment and prevent equipment damage caused by wear and tear.

④ Regularly check the operation of motors, reducers, etc., replace worn parts in a timely manner, and replace steel wire ropes at any time when the broken strands exceed the specified allowable range. At the same time, the major and medium repair cycles should be determined, and maintenance should be carried out on time.

⑤ Regularly check whether the bracket components are flexible, promptly eliminate foreign objects in the clamps, and check whether the screws of each component are loose. The equipment of the grille cleaning machine also vibrates greatly, which inevitably leads to loose screws.

2. Daily management and maintenance of gates and valves

The maintenance of gates and valves is of great significance. In general, daily maintenance is not particularly important, but once damaged, it can cause significant losses.

① Use and maintenance of gates and valves

A The lubrication parts of gates and valves are mainly screws, gears of reduction mechanisms, and worm gears. These parts should be lubricated with grease every three months or added according to specific situations to ensure flexible rotation and prevent rust. Some gates or valves have exposed screws, which should be cleaned and coated with new lubricating grease at least once a year. Some internal spiral gates have screws that come into contact with sewage for a long time. The attached dirt should be cleaned regularly and coated with water-resistant lubricating grease. This operation is tedious, but it is very beneficial for the operation of the device.

B When using electric gates or valves, attention should be paid to whether the handwheel is disengaged and whether the plate rod is in the electric position. If not careful to disconnect, once the protective device fails when starting the motor, the handle may rotate at high speed and harm the operator. This operation emphasizes the safety of the operator. Once an accident occurs, not only will the operation be affected, but it will also cause incalculable harm to the operator.

C Attention should be paid when manually opening and closing valves or gates. Generally, the force should not exceed 15kg. If it feels very difficult, it indicates that the valve stem is rusted, stuck, or bent. At this time, increasing the arm force may damage the valve stem. It should be turned after troubleshooting; After the gate is closed, the gate handle should be reversed by one or two turns, which is beneficial for the gate to start again.

D The torque limiting mechanism of electric gates and valves not only provides torque protection, but also serves as a backup parking protection when the stroke control mechanism fails during operation. The action torque is adjustable and should be adjusted within the torque range specified in the manual at any time. A small number of gate valves rely on torque limiting mechanisms to control the pressure of the gate or valve plate, such as some flap type gates, conical mud valves, etc. If the adjustment torque is too small, it will not close tightly; Otherwise, it will damage the connecting rod, and extra attention should be paid to adjusting the torque.

E The opening indicator pointer of the gate and valve should be adjusted to the correct position. When adjusting, first close the gate or valve, adjust the pointer to zero, and then gradually open it; When the gate or valve is fully opened, the pointer should just point to the fully open position. Correct instructions are beneficial for the operator to grasp the situation and also help detect faults. For example, when the pointer does not point to the fully open position and the motor stops running, it should be judged that the valve may be stuck.

F A sewage valve that is closed for a long time sometimes forms a dead zone near the valve, where sediment deposits, which can create resistance to the opening and closing of the butterfly valve. If you find that the resistance increases when opening the valve, do not forcefully open it. Instead, repeat the opening and closing actions to encourage water to wash away the sediment. After the resistance decreases, open the valve again. If frequent sand accumulation is found near the valve, the valve should be opened for a few minutes to facilitate the removal of sand accumulation; Similarly, for gates and valves that are not opened or closed for a long time, they should be operated regularly once or twice to prevent rusting or silting.

② Common faults and solutions of gates and valves

A Damage to valve closing components and solutions

The reason for the damage is related to improper selection of closure materials; Closed circuit valves are often used as regulating valves, and the high-speed flow of media causes rapid wear on the sealing surface. The solution is to identify the cause of the damage and use appropriate materials or closed-circuit valves instead of using them as regulating valves.

B The sealing ring is not tight enough

When the sealing ring does not fit tightly with the closing element (valve body and valve seat), the sealing ring should be repaired. The rib processing of the valve seat and valve body is poor, resulting in the tilting of the valve seat. If it cannot be remedied, it should be replaced. Improper force when tightening the valve seat can damage the sealing components. Proper force should be applied during operation to avoid damaging the valve. Failure to follow installation procedures before valve installation, such as not cleaning the dirt and dust inside the valve body well, leaving welding slag, rust, dust or other mechanical impurities on the surface, can cause scratches, dents and other defects on the sealing surface, leading to valve failure. Installation regulations should be strictly followed to ensure installation quality.

C The filling chamber should be filled with a whole piece of filling material, and the correct method should be used to fill the filling material.

3. Operation and maintenance of centrifugal blower

① During the operation of the blower, regular checks should be conducted on the inlet of the blower. The pressure and temperature of the exhaust, the liquid level, pressure, and temperature of the cooling water or oil, and the pressure difference of the air filter. Make daily reading records and analyze and compare them.

② Regularly clean and inspect the air filter to maintain its normal operation.

③ Pay attention to the impact of intake temperature on the operating conditions of the blower (centrifugal), such as exhaust volume flow rate, operating load and power, and the possibility of surge. Adjust the throttle device of the inlet guide vane or butterfly valve in a timely manner to overcome the influence of intake temperature changes on volume flow rate and operating load, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the blower.

④ Regularly pay attention to and listen to the sound of the unit's operation and the vibration of the bearings. If any abnormal sound or worsening vibration is found, immediate measures should be taken. If necessary, the vehicle should be stopped for inspection, and the cause should be identified before troubleshooting.

⑤ It is strictly prohibited to operate the centrifugal blower unit in the surge zone.

⑥ According to the instructions, inspect and maintain the motor or gearbox properly.

⑦ If any of the following situations occur during the operation of the blower, it should be stopped immediately for inspection:

A. Sudden strong vibration of the unit or friction sound inside the casing;

B. Smoke is emitted from any bearing;

C. The temperature of the bearing suddenly rises beyond the allowable value, and various measures have been taken but it still cannot be reduced.

D. The oil should be changed 200 hours after the first drive. If the replaced oil has not deteriorated, it can still be reused after being filtered by a filter.

Perform oil sample analysis 500 hours after the first drive, and conduct oil sample analysis once a month thereafter. If oil deterioration is found, change the oil immediately. The oil grade must comply with regulations, and the use of other grades of oil is strictly prohibited.

E. Check the pumping position in the fuel tank, which should not be lower than the minimum oil level line, to see if the oil pressure remains at a normal value. Regularly check the oil temperature at the outlet of the bearing, which should not exceed 60 ℃, and adjust the cooling water volume of the oil cooler according to the situation to maintain the oil temperature between 30-40 ℃ before entering the bearing.

F. Regularly clean the oil filter. Regularly check the resistance changes of the air filter Regularly clean and maintain it to keep it working properly.

S. It is strictly prohibited for the unit to operate in the surge zone.

Centrifugal blowers are usually placed indoors. Once a major malfunction occurs, it can not only cause operational problems but also threaten the normal operation of other blowers, making it a key focus of daily maintenance.

H. Inspect and maintain the motor according to the requirements of the motor manual.

Motor troubleshooting:

4. Pump switching

Pump switching can be divided into two situations, namely normal switching and emergency switching.

A Normal switching

For backup pumps, in order to avoid shaft bending, deformation, and other phenomena caused by long-term shutdown of the backup pump, and to maintain and repair the running pump normally, regular pump switching is necessary.

The principle of normal switching is to start first and then stop. The steps are as follows:

A Start the standby pump according to the driving operation. After the standby pump is running normally, based on the principle of maintaining inconvenient pressure and flow rate of the system (observing the pressure gauge and flow meter), slowly open the outlet valve of the standby pump, while closing the outlet valve of the pump until it is completely closed. According to the normal parking operation, stop the pumps that need to be stopped, maintain and upkeep them in good condition and standby.

B During the operation of the pump, if any of the following situations occur, emergency switching or emergency stop should be taken: the motor current is too high, or one phase is burnt out or the motor catches fire. The temperature of the bearing suddenly rises, causing smoke and posing a risk of holding the shaft. When there is a sound of breakage or fracture between the shafts. When there is a serious cracking sound inside the pump. When a personal safety accident occurs. When the process requires emergency switching or emergency shutdown.

The principle of emergency switching is to stop first and then start. The steps are as follows: immediately press the "stop" button to stop the operation of the accident pump. Immediately activate the backup pump according to normal driving operations. Close the outlet valve of the accident pump. If maintenance is required, please have an electrician turn off the power and hang a sign. Contact the maintenance worker to repair the stopped pump and keep it in good standby condition.

5. Proper use of dosing equipment

The proper operation of the dosing device in the sewage treatment plant directly affects the quality of the effluent, and it is mostly operated manually, which requires the operator's attention.

To ensure the treatment effect, regardless of the type of coagulant or dosing equipment used, the following points should be noted.

① Ensure the proper operation of all equipment and sufficient supply of various chemicals;

② Quantitatively calibrate the measuring device of the dosing equipment to ensure that the dosage of the medication meets the process requirements;

③ Fully ensure that the medication meets the quality standards required by the process;

④ Regularly inspect the quality of raw sewage to ensure that the dosage of chemicals is suitable for changes in water quality and effluent requirements;

⑤ During shift handover, it is necessary to clearly explain the concentration of the storage tank and dosing tank;

⑥ Regularly check the dosing pipeline to prevent blockage or breakage, and ensure the normal operation of the pumping system;

⑦ When there is a disconnection phenomenon, it should be checked and repaired as soon as possible.

6. Operation, maintenance and management of sludge dewatering machine

The sludge treatment system has always been a headache for sewage treatment plants, and the proper operation of the equipment cannot guarantee the best dewatering effect. Once damaged, it poses a threat to the sewage treatment process.

① Daily maintenance management

A. Regularly observe and test the dewatering effect of the dewatering machine. If it is found that the solid content of the mud cake has decreased, the separation liquid is turbid, and the solid recovery rate has decreased, the situation should be analyzed in a timely manner and targeted measures should be taken to solve it.

B. Sufficient flushing time should be ensured for the dehydrator in daily life, so that when the dehydrator is shut down, the inside and around the machine can be thoroughly flushed to ensure cleanliness and reduce odors. Otherwise, it will be very difficult to rinse off the accumulated mud after it dries. Ensure a flushing time of at least 6 hours per day, and the flushing water pressure is generally not less than 0.6 MPa. In addition, the interior of the aircraft should be regularly cleaned to ensure cleanliness and reduce odors.

C. Pay close attention to the operation status of the sludge dewatering device, take corrective measures for abnormal phenomena, and ensure normal operation. To prevent the filter belt from slipping, clogging, or deviating. Prevent the entanglement of coarse sand particles and floating slag on the spiral in the centrifugal dewatering machine.

D. Due to the influence of sludge temperature on the separation efficiency of sludge dewatering machine, it is necessary to strengthen insulation or increase sludge dosage in winter.

E. According to the instructions of the dehydrator, regularly observe the items and inspect and maintain the machine. For example, operation control instruments such as water pressure gauges, mud pressure gauges, oil pressure gauges, and tension gauges.

F. Regularly check the wear condition of the easily worn parts of the dehydrator and replace them if necessary. For example, filter cloth and rollers.

G Promptly detect the impact or damage of coarse sand particles in the sludge entering the dewatering machine on the filter belt, drum, and screw conveyor. If the damage is severe, the machine should be stopped immediately for replacement.

② Analysis and elimination of abnormal problems

A. The reasons and solutions for the decrease in solid content in filter cake are as follows.

The tempering effect is not good. Usually due to insufficient dosage. When the quality of the incoming mud changes and the dewatering performance decreases, a retest should be conducted to determine the appropriate dosage. Sometimes it is due to inappropriate drug concentration, high drug concentration, and difficulty in fully dissolving flocculants. Although the dosage is sufficient, the conditioning effect is not good. Sometimes it is also due to the unreasonable position of the dosing point that the flocculation time is too long or too short. The above situations should be tested and adjusted.

The belt speed is too high. If the belt speed is too high, the mud cake will become thinner, resulting in a decrease in solid content. The belt speed should be reduced in a timely manner, and the thickness of the mud cake should generally be ensured to be 5-10mm.

The tension of the filter belt is too low. At this time, sufficient squeezing and shearing forces cannot be guaranteed, resulting in a decrease in solid content. The tension should be appropriately increased.

Filter belt blockage. After the filter belt is blocked, the water cannot be filtered out, resulting in a decrease in solid content. The operation should be stopped and the filter belt should be washed.

B. The reasons and control measures for the decrease in solid recovery rate are as follows:

The belt speed is too high, causing material to run out of the extrusion zone. The belt speed should be reduced appropriately. The tension is too high, causing material to escape from the extrusion zone and causing some sludge to press against the filter belt, resulting in loss of filtrate. Therefore, the tension should be reduced.

C. The reasons and control measures for belt slippage are as follows:

Overloading of mud should be reduced. The tension of the filter belt is too low and should be increased. The roller cylinder is damaged and should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner.

D. The reasons and control measures for the frequent deviation of the filter belt are as follows:

Uneven mud inlet and uneven distribution on the filter belt should be adjusted or replaced with a flat mud device. Local damage or excessive wear of the rolling cylinder should be inspected and replaced. The relative position between the rolling cylinders is unbalanced and should be checked and adjusted. The correction device is not sensitive and should be checked and repaired.

E. The reasons and control measures for severe blockage of the filter belt are as follows:

If the flushing is not thorough each time, the flushing time or flushing water pressure should be increased. The tension of the filter belt is too high, and the tension should be appropriately reduced. Excessive dosage of medication. Excessive addition of PAM can increase viscosity and often clog the filter cloth. In addition, insufficiently dissolved PAM can also easily clog the filter belt. The excessive sand content in the mud can easily clog the filter cloth, and the operation control of the sewage pretreatment system should be strengthened.

7. Operation, maintenance and management of screw pumps for sludge dewatering

① Before the initial start-up of the screw pump, all structures and pipelines should be cleaned to prevent debris from entering the pump body. A large amount of hard debris will reduce the service life of the stator and rotor.

② Before starting, the inlet and outlet valves should be opened. When starting, the pump should be filled with medium and not allowed to idle. The conveyed medium has a cooling and lubricating effect on the pump body.

③ Before the first operation and after major repairs, the coaxiality accuracy should be verified to ensure stable operation.

④ During operation, the loosening of the base screw can cause vibration, movement, and pipeline rupture of the machine body. Especially for the bolts connecting the universal joint and flexible shaft, the firmness of the bolts should be checked regularly.

⑤ During normal operation, there will be water dripping from the stuffing box, which acts as a lubricant. Normally, 50-100 drops should be added per minute, and if exceeded, the bolts should be tightened or the packing should be replaced.

The lubrication parts of the screw pump mainly include the gearbox, the rolling shaft inside the bearing, and the coupling. The lubricant used in different parts is different, and it should be lubricated according to the requirements of the user manual during operation.

⑥ Inspect the screw pump in operation every 2 hours during the day. Once every 4 hours at night. The well should pay attention to the following matters.

A Are the anchor bolts, flanges, and couplings loose.

B Whether the transmission oil level is normal, whether there is oil leakage, whether there is temperature rise, and whether the bearings are heated up.

C Pay attention to the readings on the vacuum gauge on the suction pipe and the pressure gauge on the discharge pipe to check if the pump is running idle and if the pipeline is blocked.

D Listen for any abnormal sounds during operation.

⑦ Carefully fill in the operation records, which mainly include working time and cumulative time, medium condition, bearing temperature, oil addition and change records, filling drip situation, and records of major, medium, and minor repairs.

⑧ The stator and rotor should be replaced regularly, and the replacement method and cycle should refer to the relevant requirements in the user manual.

⑨ Common faults of screw pumps

A The reason why it cannot be started is as follows.

If the friction of the new pump or stator is too high, liquid lubricant can be added at this time. Inappropriate voltage, control circuit malfunction, phase loss operation. The substance content inside the pump is high and there is blockage. During shutdown, the medium settles and clumps together. The outlet is blocked and the inlet valve is not open. Frozen in winter. The universal joint and other parts are blocked by a large amount of entanglement and cannot rotate.

B The reason for not producing mud is as follows.

Import and export blockages and unopened inlet valves. The universal joint or flexible connection part is disconnected. The stator is severely damaged. Turn in the opposite direction.

C The reasons for the low traffic are as follows.

Stator wear and internal leakage. The speed is too low. The suction tube is leaking air. The working temperature is too low, causing the stator to shrink and seal poorly. Seal release recitation.

D The reasons for excessive noise and vibration are as follows. Loose bolts in various parts. Bearing damage (accompanied by heating of the bearing frame or gearbox). The stator or rotor is severely worn (accompanied by a small amount of mud). There is no medium inside the pump, so it is running. Aging and carbonization of stator rubber. The motor reducer is not concentric with the pump shaft or the coupling is damaged. The coupling is worn and loose. Wear and pitting of gearbox gears.

E The reason for the heating of the stuffing box is as follows.

The packing is pressed too tightly. Poor quality or improper selection of fillers.

F The reasons for excessive water and mud leakage in the stuffing box are as follows.

Improper selection of fillers. The packing is not tightly compressed or has failed. Too much wear on the shaft.

8. Operation and maintenance of submersible sewage pumps

Whether it is a sewage treatment plant or a sewage treatment station, pumps are definitely the most commonly used. The transportation of sewage and sludge is completed by pumps, and submersible sewage pumps can be said to be the heart of sewage treatment plants (stations). Some places can flow by themselves, but there will also be backup pumps, which are easily overlooked.

① Before starting the pump, check whether the impeller rotates flexibly and whether there is oil in the oil chamber. The rotation direction should be correct after power on.

② Check if the cables are particularly damaged or broken, and if the entrance seal of the junction box cable is intact. If any potential leakage or leakage is found, promptly and properly handle it.

③ It is strictly prohibited to use the pump cable as a suspension line to avoid danger.

④ Regularly check the insulation resistance between motor phases and relative ground, which must not be lower than the allowable value. Otherwise, the machine should be disassembled and repaired, and at the same time, check whether the grounding of the electric pump is firm and reliable.

⑤ After the pump is stopped, it should be placed in clean water and run for several minutes to prevent sedimentation inside the pump and ensure its cleanliness.

⑥ Take the pump out of the water and do not soak it in water for a long time to reduce the chance of the motor stator winding getting damp. When the temperature is very low, it is necessary to prevent freezing inside the pump casing.

⑦ The seal between the impeller and the pump body should not be worn, and the gap should not exceed the allowable value, otherwise the sealing ring should be replaced.

⑧ After six months of operation, the sealing condition of the oil chamber of the apricot pump should be regularly checked. If the oil in the oil chamber is emulsified or water precipitates out, the 10-30 engine oil and mechanical seals should be replaced in a timely manner.

⑨ Do not disassemble the parts of the electric pump casually. When disassembling, do not knock vigorously to avoid damaging the sealing components. Under normal conditions, the workpiece should undergo a major overhaul after one year, replacing worn and easily worn parts and checking the condition of fasteners.

9. Daily management and maintenance of metering pumps

The metering pump is an important basis for operators to observe whether the equipment is running properly, especially for those who have just learned how to debug and operate it, they need to pay more attention.

① Daily management of metering pumps

A Keep a certain level of oil in the fuel tank and replenish it regularly.

B The leakage rate at the packing seal should not exceed 8-15 drops per minute If the leakage exceeds, it should be dealt with promptly.

C Pay attention to the temperature of each main part, and ensure that the motor temperature does not exceed 70 ℃; The temperature of the lubricating oil inside the transmission case shall not exceed 65 ℃; The temperature of the stuffing box shall not exceed 70 ℃; If the pump is not used for a long time, the medium in the pump cylinder should be discharged completely, and the surface should be cleaned. The exposed processing surface should be coated with anti rust oil.

② The common faults and troubleshooting methods of pumps are shown in Table 6-5.

10. Operation management and maintenance of pipelines

The common process pipelines in sewage treatment plants include sewage pipes, sludge pipes, liquid medicine pipes, compressed air pipes, water supply pipes, biogas pipes, etc. Generally, it can be divided into liquid transport pipelines and gas transport pipelines according to the different transport media. Liquid transport pipelines can be divided into pressurized liquid transport pipelines and non pressurized liquid transport pipelines, while gas transport pipelines are mostly low-pressure pipelines, mainly air pipelines.

(1) The maintenance of pressurized liquid transportation pipelines often uses steel pipes in systems such as sewage (pressure) pipelines, sludge pipelines, and water supply pipelines. The possible abnormal problems and solutions during operation are as follows.

① Pipeline leakage is generally caused by loose or loose joints in the pipeline, or corrosion of the pipeline. Pipeline corrosion may occur in concrete, reinforced concrete, or buried parts of the soil. When the support strength of a pipeline or supporting pipeline in a trench is insufficient or damaged, the joint of the pipeline is prone to loosening. In case of pipeline leakage or seepage caused by the above phenomena, in addition to timely replacement of pipelines and repair of pipeline leaks, maintenance work such as support and anti-corrosion should be strengthened.

② There is noise in the pipeline. When the pipeline is not buried underground, abnormal noise can be heard, mainly due to: a. excessive flow velocity in the pipeline; b. Incorrect connection or foundation construction between water pump and pipeline; c. Deformation of the cross-section inside the pipeline (such as bent pipes, pressure relief devices) or reduction (local blockage); d. Valve seals and other components are not loose and may vibrate. The above abnormal problems can be solved by taking corresponding measures, such as replacing pipeline or valve fittings, changing the internal section of the pipeline or dredging the pipeline, and doing a good job in shock and isolation of the water pump.

③ Cracks or damages (blisters) in pipelines, such as those caused by shallow burial and frequent traffic of heavy trucks, resulting in crushing; The gate valve is closed too tightly, causing water hammer and damage; The pipeline is damaged by stray soil current erosion; Damage caused by excessive water pressure. If cracks or damage occur, the pipeline should be replaced in a timely manner.

④ When pipelines are laid above the depth of soil freezing, sewage (mud) pipelines are prone to swelling and cracking due to freezing. The solution to this problem is to re lay the pipeline, re insulate the sewage pipeline (such as replacing the soil around the pipeline with slag, sawdust or coke, and placing a 20-30cm sand layer inside the above materials), or appropriately increase the temperature of the conveying medium.

(2) Non pressure liquid conveying pipelines in sewage treatment plants (stations) are mostly sewage pipes, sludge pipes, overflow pipes, etc. They are generally cast iron pipes, concrete pipes (or clay pipes) with continuous socket connections, and some also use steel pipe welding connections or flange connections. The common faults of non pressure pipeline systems are water leakage or pipeline blockage. Daily maintenance work is to eliminate the leakage points and unblock the blocked pipelines.

① The main causes of pipeline leakage are loose pipe joints or sand holes and cracks in pipe fittings. Water leakage caused by loose interfaces should be reprocessed. If it still does not work, the interface must be removed with a hand hammer and a curved chisel and reconnected; If the leakage is caused by sand holes, cracks, or breakage in the pipe section or fittings, the damaged pipe section or fittings should be replaced in a timely manner, and a sleeve joint should be added to connect with the original pipeline. If there are other reasons, such as vibration causing loose connections, corresponding measures should be taken to prevent the pipeline from being damaged again.

② The main cause of pipeline blockage is not only due to users not paying attention to dropping hard blocks, rags, cotton yarn, etc. into the pipeline, but also because the pipeline slope is too small or inverted, resulting in slow flow velocity inside the pipeline, and impurities in the water depositing inside the pipeline, causing pipeline blockage. If there is a problem with the slope of the pipeline laying, the slope of the pipeline should be adjusted according to relevant requirements. When blocked, manual or mechanical methods can be used to clear it. Maintenance personnel should regularly check whether the pipeline is leaking or blocked, and seal the inspection well to prevent debris from falling.

(3) The common faults and troubleshooting methods of compressed air pipelines include the following two types.

① The reason for gas leakage in pipeline systems is often due to poor quality of materials and accessories or installation quality, severe deformation and cracking of pipelines caused by sinking of supports in the pipeline, severe freezing of accumulated water in the pipeline, and expansion and cracking of pipes or fittings.

② Pipeline blockage is manifested as insufficient air supply pressure and volume, and excessive pressure drop. The causes are generally impurities or packing detachment in the pipeline, valve damage, and water freezing inside the pipeline. The method to eliminate such faults is to remove impurities from the pipeline, repair or replace damaged valves, and promptly eliminate accumulated water in the pipeline.